Exposure to titanium (Ti) from implants and from personal care products as nanoparticles
(NPs) is common. This article reviews exposure sources, ion release, skin penetration,
allergenic effects, and diagnostic possibilities. We conclude that human exposure to Ti …

The rapidly growing applicability of metal-containing engineered nanoparticles (MENPs)
has made their environmental fate, biouptake, and transformation important research topics.
However, considering the relatively low concentration of MENPs and the high concentration …

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a natural oxide of the element titanium with low toxicity, and
negligible biological effects. The classification as bio-inert material has given the possibility
to normal-sized (> 100 nm) titanium dioxide particles (TiO2-NPs) to be extensively used in …

Sunscreen application is the main strategy used to prevent the maladies inflicted by
ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Despite the continuously increasing frequency of sunscreen use
worldwide, the prevalence of certain sun exposure-related pathologies, mainly malignant …

Nanotechnology risk management strategies and environmental regulations continue to rely
on hazard and exposure assessment protocols developed for bulk materials, including
larger size particles, while commercial application of nanomaterials (NMs) increases. In …

Nano titanium dioxide (nTiO 2) is the most abundantly released engineered nanomaterial
(ENM) in aquatic environments. Therefore, it is prudent to assess its fate and its effects on
lower trophic-level organisms in the aquatic food chain. A predator-and-prey-based …

An important part of assessing the toxic potential of nanoparticles for specific applications
should be the direct comparison of biological activities with those of alternative materials for
the same application. Nanoparticulate inorganic ultraviolet (UV) filters, such as zinc oxide …

Adverse human health impacts due to occupational and environmental exposures to
manufactured nanoparticles are of concern and pose a potential threat to the continued
industrial use and integration of nanomaterials into commercial products. This chapter …

This study was designed to determine whether nano-sized ZnO has the potential to cause
acute cutaneous irritation using cultured HaCaT keratinocytes and a human skin equivalent
as in vitro models, compared to non-nanomaterials. Commercial nano ZnO with different …

Abstract Development and market introduction of new nanomaterials trigger the need for an
adequate risk assessment of such products alongside suitable risk communication
measures. Current application of classical and new nanomaterials is analyzed in context of …